A Book Summary of the Goal Essay Example for Free

A Book Summary of the Goal Essay The story began by handing-off the current circumstance of Mr. Alex Rogo and the desperate condition of his metal working plant, UniCo. Being the plant director and big boss, Mr. Rogo was the spoken to all the issues the plant was encountering. The business was down and not benefitting at all because of effectiveness and procedure related issues. The business was not delivering the fundamental stock levels to continue the business. It previously had such a large number of issues, which must be fixed soon particularly since Mr. Peach, who is Mr. Alex Rogo’s chief, went insane over another pressing yet postponed request. Mr. Peach gave Mr. Rogo the final proposal that if the plant activities would not take care of business and improve inside the following three months, he will close the plant down. On the off chance that the main section discussed the Mr. Rogo’s situation at work, the subsequent section discussed his own life. Mr. Rogo was disappointed about his life. He was not in the slightest degree too upbeat about the reality on the off chance that he was thirty-eight years of age and still where he was the point at which he began. His family was likewise troubled, most particularly his significant other. He moved his family from the city a half year back to live in his old neighborhood since he was resolved to fix the issues UniCo was confronting. His better half was discontent with this move since it was difficult for them to alter particularly since they were utilized to the city life. In this section, issues about the postponed request in part one kept on reemerging. It is with this explanation Mr. Rogo required a regular gathering in the third section. Quick changes should have been done so as to keep away from the issues they’ve been encountering for quite a while. This must be conveyed to his staff with the end goal for them to assist him with the circumstance. Mr. Rogo transferred the terrible situation UniCo was confronting and brought up all the things that were not working for the organization. To push ahead, he gave bearings on the best way to deal with the situation by expressing the targets that should have been tended to inside the following three months. It was in this part Mr. Rogo discovers that it may not exclusively be UniCo that will die however the holding organization where Mr. Peach is a piece of. As the gathering goes on in the fourth part, Mr. Rogo returns in time and thinks back about a conversation he had with his old educator, Jonah, who additionally was a physicist. During that gathering, Jonah transparently discussed the issues Mr. Rogo’s organization was confronting. Johan had talked about all the potential issues that could occur with UniCo, which incorporates spiraling high stock levels and conveyance issues, where the organization will be not able to fulfill time constraints for shipment. Johan speculated that all together for Mr. Rogo to fix his circumstance, he should characterize what his objective ought to be. Everything ought to consistently begin with the meaning of an objective. So as to make sense of what the objective is, Mr. Rogo must apply the Theory of Constraints so as to effectively execute powerful administration. The Theory of Constraints incorporates knowing all the imperatives that is obstructing the organization from encountering proficient profitability. When the imperatives are distinguished, Mr. Rogo will have the option to take quantifiable close to address these issues. The workforce conference proceeded to the fifth section, where Mr. Rogo disregards the gathering to be. He expected to sift through his considerations and make sense of what his definitive objective ought to be. He needed to make sense of the objective he ought to have with the end goal for him to have the option to fix the pickle his organization is confronting. Somewhere down in thought, while having pizza and lager, he starts to understand that it would be cash, pay, benefit that would inch him towards pivoting his organization and making it a fruitful business. Having an unmistakable course on where to go, Mr. Rogo sits with the gathering in the 6th section. It was in this section, they kept an eye on the budget reports of the organization. In the wake of assessing the fiscal reports, the gathering had the option to pinpoint that the arrival of speculation is low while the working and venture costs incredibly required improvement. All together for this improvement to occur, the organization must expand benefit to guarantee expanded return of venture and adequate income. To accomplish this, Mr. Rogo contemplates in the seventh section on how he will have the option to make changes. In light of the underlying assessment his Finance bunch prompted him, he should figure out how to ensure he would have the option to builds the monies that would stream inside the organization without expanding costs. He at that point chooses to search for Jonah to become familiar with how he can spare the organization particularly since Jonah appeared to know such a great amount about UniCo. In the eighth section, Mr. Rogo had the option to converse with Jonah. It was in this section wherein Jonah taught him around three significant ideas he should comprehend before he attempts to actualize new changes inside the organization. These three ideas incorporate throughput, operational costs and stock levels. Jonah characterized throughput as the pace of which a procedure can create deals income from deals volume. He characterized stock to be the money related resource inside the framework that should be sold with the goal for money to pour in. Jonah likewise characterized operational cost as the cash spent to transform crude materials and every single other asset into throughput. In the ninth section, Mr. Rogo found that robots and machines that were being utilized inside the organization are not proficient resources. Rather than the machines having the option to tackle cost decrease programs and cut down costs, it was doing an incredible inverse bring bringing costs up. Considering this, he provides his first guidance by utilizing these machines in quite a while of the plant. In the tenth section, Mr. Rogo talked about the ideas he has gained from Jonah with Bob, Lou and Stacey, who speaks to Accounting, Inventory Control and Production Division. They examined line-by-line how these ideas functioned inside the organization and how it influenced their productivity. The issue about the cost wastefulness of machine emerged once more, which made it considerably progressively dire for them to find how they can bring down their expenses without influencing different efficiencies inside the plant. Since he was coming up short on thoughts, Mr. Rogo chose to go to New York to have another discussion with Jonah. Mr. Rogo showed up in New York in the eleventh section. It was in this part where he began informing Jonah concerning his critical circumstance at the plant. Jonah prompted Mr. Rogo that he ought not keep up a reasonable plant. A reasonable plant implies that limit is just enough for the interest of the market. If so, at that point the organization would be a lot nearer to being bankrupt. Before they had finished the discussion, Jonah prompted Mr. Rogo to investigate the relationship of ward occasions with measurable vacillations and how these two things would influence his organization. When Mr. Rogo returned to his old neighborhood in Chapter Twelve, he kept on confronting issues at home. His significant other scrutinized his dedication to their family versus his commitment to the organization. In view of the additional remaining task at hand on this plate, his relationship with his life accomplice had endured. It was a tiring circumstance he was in. He had issues at fill in as well as at home too. In the thirteenth part, Mr. Rogo goes on an outdoors excursion and thought of what Jonah referenced to him in their last gathering. It was during this excursion that he comprehended the relationship of ward occasions with measurable variances. He had the option to get this acknowledgment while he was climbing. The acknowledgment became more clear to Mr. Rogo in the following part. He presently comprehended what Jonah was attempting to bring up. On the off chance that significance would not be given to throughput, operational costs and stock levels, and if an equalization plant will be kept up, stock levels will diminish and operational consumptions will increment. In the fifteenth section, Mr. Rogo chose to do a trial to test his acknowledgment. He helped the most minimal children of the pack via conveying the kid’s rucksack. Since the child could walk quicker, it didn't defer the gathering. Basically, the gathering turned out to be quicker and productivity had been accomplished. It was a decent end of the week for Mr. Rogo on the grounds that his brain was open as all the acknowledge poured to his head. Notwithstanding, when he and his kids returned home in the sixteenth section, they discovered that his wifeâ€the mother of his youngsters, had gathered every one of her packs and left them without leaving word where she would go. She left since she was at that point irate with Mr. Rogo. As man and spouse, they had an understanding that they would get to know one another during that end of the week; in any case, it didn’t push through in light of the fact that he needed to go with his youngsters on the outdoors trip. In the following section, Mr. Rogo handed-off his acknowledge to his staff. During the course, it appeared as though his staff was not paying attention to him. They acted uninterested and exhausted until another issue surfaced. There was another late request, which had not been conveyed, which must be met immediately. In Chapter Eighteen, Mr. Rogo again conversed with Jonah, who thus informed him about the distinction of bottlenecks with non-bottlenecks. A bottleneck as indicated by Jonah is when limit satisfies need or when limit is not exactly the interest, while a non-bottleneck is the inverse, wherein limit is more than request. Jonah inconspicuously proposed to Mr. Rogo that he should initially fix the bottlenecks. In next section, as Jonah visited the plant, he brought up to Mr. Rogo that he ought to improve limit in the bottlenecks by utilizing the machines all the more adequately. In the event that machines would be utilized all the more proficiently, Mr. Rogo will have the option to keep up right stock levels and will have the option to diminish operational costs. Jonah and Mr. Rogo circumvented the plant assessing these machines, halting at each territory in turn, to assess the expense and productivity of each machine. In Chapter Twenty, Mr. Rogo began workin

Businesses and the Environment Roles, Obligations, and Implications Free Essays

Many people are being murdered from the repercussions brought about by the absence of worry towards the government assistance of the earth. Indeed, the exceptional changes in the climate, the expansion in event of regular cataclysms, just as the ascent of ocean level, are only a couple of the very much archived changes to the planet that are right now presenting dangers against humankind. In this sense, it isn't refutable that organizations, because of the general objective of raising salary, have in a route added to the event of such ecological issues through different methods. We will compose a custom paper test on Organizations and the Environment: Roles, Obligations, and Implications or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Hence, with the worldwide pattern of tending to these natural worries through the individual level, I accept that organizations should likewise participate in the exertion through bringing down the environmental impression of their activities. The term natural impression relates to the general use of assets just as arrival of side-effects which might be applied at the business level (Global Footprint Network [GFN], 2009). Organizations devour and contaminate at a raised rate increases a more noteworthy biological impression which implies that the business essentially adds to ecological harm. Thus, with the end goal for organizations to increase a lower environmental impression rating, instances of what should be possible including the utilization of elective force sources, taking thought of collecting and angling cutoff points, moving or forcing progressively proficient exchange courses, and utilizing more vitality productive procedures or hardware. It is clear that receiving a business practice that puts the government assistance of the earth into thought may not be as mind boggling as normally suspected of. Truth be told, a portion of the practices may even lead into greater investment funds, as the utilization of progressively proficient gadgets most normally brings about the decrease of working expenses for instance. Beside benefits that organizations must consider, the most significant thought that business chiefs must remember is that if later on nature exacerbates further to the point of people being wiped out, at that point such a future will without a doubt be bad for business. Reference Global Footprint Network. (2009, April 27). Review. Impression Basics. Recovered June 8, 2009, from http://www. footprintnetwork. organization/en/list. php/GFN/page/footprint_basics_overview/. Instructions to refer to Businesses and the Environment: Roles, Obligations, and Implications, Papers

Human Computer Interface Essay

As per Nicky Danino(2001), Human Computer Interaction(HCI) is characterized as ‘the study, arranging, and plan of what happens when an individual and a PC work together’. HCI comprise of three sections that is the client, the PC and the collaboration required between the client and the PC. Consequently I will assess the organization dependent on a few standards. From what have been seen in the Kannal Solutions , the work territory was seen as agreeable for the representatives to work. The seats give adequate padding. This empowers the representatives to work for extended periods of time without feeling issues or agonies on their bottoms. Other than that, it is seen that the seat has customizable statures. This empowers the representatives to modify the stature of the seat as per their solace. The back rest of the seat likewise offers satisfactory help for the spine. This element of seat stays away from the representatives experiencing spinal pains or other lower back wounds. Then again, much consideration was additionally given to the screens. The screens that are utilized in this organization is situated so that the onlooker sees the screen oppositely. When seeing the screen at this point, the spectator will have the option to decrease the pressure applied on the neck muscles. Besides, just fluid precious stone presentation (LCD) screens are utilized as a screen. This screen is sans gleam since LCD doesn't rely upon filtering electron pillar to perform. Flashing of the screen can without much of a stretch reason migraines to the workers which can seriously lessen the efficiency of the organization. Besides , the LCD screen is assembled with the end goal that it would not reflect light out, in this way creating a less glare impact. These attributes defers the eyes from getting worn out. Aside from that, LCD has likewise been demonstrated to create lesser radiation. Along these lines, picking LCD screen as a screen was a decent advance taken by this organization to keep their workplace progressively agreeable. The distinction found based on what is watched is this organization doesn't furnish the workers with ergonomic consoles or mouse. This causes uneasiness for the staffs working here particularly for extended periods of time working. Drawn out use of non ergonomic console can be as terrible as the laborer gets muscle strain or as more regrettable as the worker experiencing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) or tendonitis. CTS is the irritation of the nerve that associates the lower arm to the wrist while tendonitis is the aggravation because of dull movement on the ligament. The IT and media transmission industry goes through and put away a great deal of cash to work. Along these lines like numerous different organizations , Kannal Solutions attempt to limit wastage to diminish cost. Other than to limit wastage, this organization likewise focuses on spare nature. In this way, green figuring, which is as characterized by Sarah Gingichashvili is ‘ the investigation and practice of effective and eco-accommodating processing resources’. In this organization, printers and PCs utilized contains Energy Star image. Electrical machines and item that has Energy Star image devours a lot lesser vitality contrasted with those that doesn't have it. This image guarantees that the PCs consequently changes to the ‘sleep’ mode at whatever point it is inactive. Changing to this mode diminishes the vitality utilization of the PC. Other than that, the representatives additionally turns off their PCs at whatever point it isn't being used. On the off chance that on the off chance that they have to utilize it at stretches, they would at any rate turn off the screen with the goal that power can be spared. Another motivation behind why LCD screen is utilized in this organization is additionally a result of the way that LCD screen expends lesser vitality than the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) screen. Because of this explanation the CRT screen squander a great deal of vitality for the most part because of the enormous discharge of warmth vitality. In Kannal Solutions , the greater part of the PCs utilizes Intel E2140 Dual Core with a processor speed of 1. 6Ghz. These PCs gives a decent exhibition which is required during the assortment of data from clients. The best part about this machine is that its capacity utilization is truly low and productive. It just devours 69 watts. Subsequently, in since quite a while ago run Kannal Solutions can spare incredible arrangement of power while ensuring that their presentation isn't influenced. In spite of the fact that this organization pays an extraordinary job in keeping the workers sheltered and agreeable, it is found through perception that the consoles and mouse utilized isn't ergonomic. In longer run the staffs can confront nerve complexities. Along these lines, it is suggested that the organization make a prompt move to change over all the mouse and consoles to an ergonomic one with the goal that the laborers here won't face any sort of issue which can cause to decrease of efficiency to the organization. Aside from that, in spite of the fact that the seat has ergonomic element, for example, customizable stature and legitimate back rest, it doesn't have a hand rest. So , at whatever point the staff feels tired they need to lay it on the table. It would be more secure and much agreeable as the hand rest guarantees that the worker’s hand would be corresponding to the floor and the elbow would be opposite to the arm. Thus, it is suggested that the seats here ought to be furnished with a hand rest. Therefore, it is certain that this organization pays attention to HCI. Despite the fact that there are a few downsides, it tends to be defeated by making appropriate strides, for example, proposed so as to keep the workers adding to the advancement of this organization.

Self assessment analysis Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self evaluation investigation - Speech or Presentation Example The qualities and shortcomings as an open speaker are hard to investigate yet in the event that once they are examined one can execute techniques for enhancing the shortcomings. Being an open speaker I have understood that I have a portion of the correct abilities to convey my discourse which help me in keeping up my tone while giving the discourse. I believe in conveying my discourse with the correct tone and volume to the crowd without being boisterous or calm. In the talks that I convey I have understood that I have the capacity to bring out feelings in my crowd. I cause a bond among me and my crowd with the goal that they to can see each and everything that I am attempting to pass on. Framing a bond with the crowd is the most significant undertaking as it is then that the crowd would begin understanding the value of the words I am expressing. I detail my discourse without anyone else which encourages me to convey it in the best possible structure that it was planned. I characteri ze my proposition appropriately with the goal that I can contain the enthusiasm of the crowd to myself. The certainty of my discourse force can be found in my conveyance as I don’t falter or stop in the middle of while giving the discourse. The utilization of slang words such ‘um’ or ‘uh’ isn't seen in my talks. For an open speaker the most significant part in a discourse is the place he needs to accentuate on specific perspectives. I have the capacity to underline on the significant focuses with the goal that the crowd can get a handle on them and judge my discourse in agreement to the focuses I conveyed. In conveying the discourse I ensure that I give a basic survey about a particular theme with the goal that the crowd can pass judgment in the event that I have the correct feeling on the subject or not. Every one of these qualities help me to convey a discourse in understanding to the necessities. Like each typical individual I likewise have a few shortcomings which can end up being hindering for my discourse capacities. I have the correct trust in conveying a discourse yet I do not have some trust in looking at the crowd which negatively affects them. Now and again I get a little apprehensive when I look at them and this affects my discourse. Another negative of my discourse capacities is that I need to compose everything on a bit of paper as I will in general overlook things when I arrive at the stage. This is a negative point for the discourse since I need to see the paper over and over while conveying the discourse. Another shortcoming that I have is that I attempt to go quick in certain cases where I accept that the crowd is losing enthusiasm for my discourse. In any case, I go quick here simply because I have to gather up on the speed of the discourse. Every one of these shortcomings can be improved on the off chance that I follow some particular techniques. So as to have appropriate eye to eye connection with the crowd I have to rehearse my discourse before a huge crowd so I can become acclimated to the crowd. I have to develop on my certainty and practice my discourse before my companions as well while taking a gander at them. This would assist me with looking above while I convey my discourse. This would likewise assist me with overcoming the issue of breaks when I look at them. Composing on a bit of paper is a negative and I need to figure out how to develop on my learning abilities so I don’t need to work them out. I need to work the primary concerns out on a bit of paper and practice the discourse before a realized crowd to check whether I have gotten a handle on the important abilities or not. In the event that I follow every one of these procedures

An Introductory History of Zambia

An Introductory History of Zambia The indigenous tracker gatherer inhabitants of Zambia started to be dislodged or consumed by further developed relocating clans around 2,000 years prior. The significant floods of Bantu-talking foreigners started in the fifteenth century, with the best inundation between the late seventeenth and mid nineteenth hundreds of years. They came principally from the Luba and Lunda clans of southern Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola Getting away from the Mfecane In the nineteenth century, there was an extra flood by Ngoni people groups from the south getting away from the Mfecane. By the last piece of that century, the different people groups of Zambia were to a great extent set up in the zones they right now involve. David Livingstone at the Zambezi With the exception of a periodic Portuguese adventurer, the region lay immaculate by Europeans for a considerable length of time. After the mid-nineteenth century, it was infiltrated by Western pilgrims, teachers, and merchants. David Livingstone, in 1855, was the main European to see the great cascades on the Zambezi River. He named the falls after Queen Victoria, and the Zambian town close to the falls is named after him. Northern Rhodesia a British Protectorate In 1888, Cecil Rhodes, initiating British business and political interests in Central Africa, got a mineral rights concession from neighborhood boss. Around the same time, Northern and Southern Rhodesia (presently Zambia and Zimbabwe, individually) were broadcasted a British range of authority. Southern Rhodesia was attached officially and conceded self-government in 1923, and the organization of Northern Rhodesia was moved to the British pioneer office in 1924 as a protectorate. A Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland In 1953, the two Rhodesias were gotten together with Nyasaland (presently Malawi) to shape the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Northern Rhodesia was the focal point of a great part of the strife and emergency that described the alliance in its last years. At the center of the discussion were relentless African requests for more prominent investment in government and European feelings of trepidation of losing political control. The Road to Independence A two-phase political decision held in October and December 1962 brought about an African lion's share in the authoritative chamber and an uncomfortable alliance between the two African patriot parties. The gathering passed goals calling for Northern Rhodesias severance from the league and requesting full inside self-government under another constitution and another national get together dependent on a more extensive, progressively fair establishment. A Troubled Start for the Republic of Zambia On December 31, 1963, the league was broken down, and Northern Rhodesia turned into the Republic of Zambia on October 24, 1964. At autonomy, in spite of its extensive mineral riches, Zambia confronted significant difficulties. Locally, there were barely any prepared and instructed Zambians fit for running the legislature, and the economy was to a great extent subject to remote mastery. Encircled by Oppression Three of Zambias neighbors †Southern Rhodesia and the Portuguese settlements of Mozambique and Angola-stayed under white-ruled guideline. Rhodesias white-administered government singularly proclaimed freedom in 1965. Likewise, Zambia imparted a fringe to South African-controlled South-West Africa (presently Namibia). Zambias feelings lay with powers contradicting pilgrim or white-commanded rule, especially in Southern Rhodesia. Supporting Nationalist Movements in Southern Africa During the following decade, it effectively bolstered developments, for example, the Union for the Total Liberation of Angola (UNITA), the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU), the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC), and the South-West Africa Peoples Organization (SWAPO). The Struggle Against Poverty Clashes with Rhodesia brought about the end of Zambias outskirts with that nation and serious issues with universal vehicle and force gracefully. In any case, the Kariba hydroelectric station on the Zambezi River gave adequate ability to fulfill the countrys necessities for power. A railroad to the Tanzanian port of Dar es Salaam, worked with Chinese help, diminished Zambian reliance on railroad lines south to South Africa and west through an inexorably grieved Angola. By the late 1970s, Mozambique and Angola had accomplished autonomy from Portugal. Zimbabwe accomplished freedom as per the 1979 Lancaster House understanding, yet Zambias issues were not fathomed. Common war in the previous Portuguese settlements produced displaced people and caused proceeding with transportation issues. The Benguela Railroad, which broadened west through Angola, was basically shut to traffic from Zambia by the late 1970s. Zambias solid help for the ANC, which had its outer home office in Lusaka, made security issues as South Africa assaulted ANC focuses in Zambia. In the mid-1970s, the cost of copper, Zambias chief fare, endured an extreme decay around the world. Zambia went to remote and worldwide banks for alleviation, yet as copper costs stayed discouraged, it turned out to be progressively hard to support its developing obligation. By the mid-1990s, notwithstanding restricted obligation alleviation, Zambias per capita outside obligation stayed among the most elevated on the planet. Source Content from Public Domain material, US Department of State Background Notes.

Word of the Week! Analyzation Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Analyzation Richmond Writing I usually focus on words I like, but this one needs comment, if only to keep more students from using it. It cropped up in a midterm, and I marked but did not penalize it greatly. Note that I used penalize rather than punish. The former word exemplifies derivation, where an affix (prefix or suffix) gets attached to a word to create a new one. Thus, from penal we get penalize.   I am not overly fond of words made with the -ize suffix, for no good reason other than their sound. Thus I do not put them in my list of faculty pet peeves. Like an ugly new car that gradually looks better over the   years, -ize verbs seem to beat down purists about style and usage.   I barely notice penalize now, considering it a less punitive synonym for punish. Not so for analyzation. Consider its root: analysis, a word as old as Ancient Greece. The Online Etymology Dictionary supports that honorable origin. As with many -ize words, analyze provides us with a neologism that does powerful work. I use it as the soul of my courses where students analyze literary work. In fact, its the most powerful intellectual skill a student can hone in college, where I often tell writers tell me what you learned. Even if I know the subject already, you can analyze what is new to you. That will then be new again to me. But the popular student word analyzation takes word-derivation a step too far, like a Rube Goldberg machine with too many steps to perform an action. A writer using our word simply makes a longer synonym for analysis that to a novice or careless reader sounds professional but actually, as in the title of a well respected essay by scholar David Bartholomae, merely provides another instance of Inventing the University rather than learning how we academics actually talk and write. Moral: Never avoid analysis, but avoid analyzation at all costs. Nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week here. Image courtesy of Wikipedia.

Grief in The Epic of Gilgamesh - Free Essay Example

In this mystical tale of friendship and the quest for immortality, the theme of grief is emphasized when Gilgamesh is forever changed by the death of his dear friend Enkidu. Gilgamesh is confronted by the struggles of mortals and is profoundly effected by the injustice that was Enkidus untimely death. For Gilgamesh, Enkidu is a symbol for the natural world. His character is vital to the transition that Gilgamesh goes through and his search for immortality is sparked by the grief he experiences. Gilgamesh begins the epic as a rash, arrogant young king who takes what he wants with little regard for anyone else. He forces himself on women, and forced men to do his biddings for him. He saw himself for the fraction of a god that he was, and for him that put him in a position higher than noblemen and peasants alike. Though he is the hero of this epic, he had to go on a long journey and underwent many hardships (Norton 1.29) to become the great king he left in his legacy, including the loss of his friend. Through themes of grief and friendship and symbols of nature and mortality, it is clear that Gilgamesh must experience this tragedy in order to learn the lesson that death is inevitable and the only way achieve immortality is to live fully. The friendship that builds between Gilgamesh and Enkidu in undeniably symbolic of the relationship between man and the natural world. His death causes a major disruption for Gilgamesh mentally, and changes the way he envisions humanity and life in general. Enkidu is born from nature, raised by nature and only becomes interested in the fruits of civilized life when he encounters humanity. Since he can no longer connect with nature in the same way again, which is privy to the complexity of the relationship between the Sumerians and nature, he proceeds to making his mission seeking to fight Gilgamesh. Once the two eventually become friends and set out on their quest to kill Humbaba, it is clear that Enkidu encourages Gilgamesh to take the life of Humbaba. The fact that Gilgamesh agrees shows that there is trust between them, so their bond is very influential to Gilgamesh and his decision making. After Enkidu gets word of his sentencing, he curses everyone for playing a part in taking h im out of the wilderness and removing him from nature, which ultimately lead to his death. It is only after the god Shamash enlightened him did he realize that if it hadnt been for Shamhat meeting him, he would have never met Gilgamesh. Enkidu becomes content with dying because he gained a beautiful friend to whom he was totally devoted. His death effected Gilgamesh so greatly because he had found a true friend in Enkidu. Even Ninsun, when interpreting Gilgameshs dream, told him that Enkidu was a companion who rescues a friend (1.295) implying that he was in need of that kind of relationship. With a kinship this strong, Gilgamesh would naturally be heartbroken at his death. The theme of grief is heavily shown through the dark tones in the dialogue of Gilgamesh over Enkidus body. May the Roads of Enkidu to the Cedar Forest mourn you and not fall silent night or day. May the Elders of the broad city of Uruk-Haven mourn you. May the peoples who gave their blessing after us mourn you. May the men of the mountains and hills mourn you. May the pasture lands shriek in mourning as if it were your mother. (8.8-13) In this passage, Gilgamesh speaks and calls upon all living things, humanity and the natural world to mourn his passing. Before, Gilgamesh was irreverent towards the earth and humanity, yet after experiencing loss and grief, he cries out to the mountains and plains like family to mourn Enkidu. He wanted the entirety of the earth to lament his lost friend. This tragedy causes a major change in the way that Gilgamesh sees life, death and mortality. Gilgamesh tries desperately to answer the eternal question that is death. He struggles to understand the finality and experiences very human emotions, and contemplates existence. Through Gilgamesh is two-thirds a god, his morality is shown through his grief. On his journey, he encounters Siduri, who could be interpreted as a character symbolic of truth. She gives Gilgamesh a different perspective on life. As he changes by simply coping with the idea that life is never promised, she also introduces to him the idea that his life could inevitably be short as well. She encourages him to be happy day and night (10.72) she does not necessary believe in trying to leave behind any kind of legacy but rather to only focus on the time he has on earth. Though it would seem to be an answer to his quest, to not pay mind to death because it is inevitable, but Gilgamesh does not listen to her and feels there is still more knowledge to be had. He seeks this further knowledge in Utanapishtim, who give s him the secret to the magic youth flower. The fact that the flower is bitten by the snake and then dies, is symbolic of the themes of death and loss because it serves as yet another illustration of the truth about life and death. Though Gilgamesh left him empty handed, it is possible that Utanapishtim serves the purpose of teaching and reiterating this lesson to Gilgamesh. As Gilgamesh journeys home he comes to the realization that his legacy already thrives in Uruk which is his pride and glory. He transitions from seeking the truth and meanings of life to coming to the acceptance of his mortality. As he looks upon the city, he says to Urshanabi Study the foundation terrace, and examine the brickwork, (11.314-315) and marvel at the beauty of his many creations. The theme of grief is present throughout this epic through the death of the symbolic character Enkidu, and his death not only changes Gilgamesh, but also teaches him a valuable lesson that eventually allows him to fulfil his life journey. Perhaps if Enkidu had never been sentenced to death, and Gilgamesh would have never learned the lesson, he would never have been able to become a great king.

The Physics Field of Fluid Statics

Fluid statics is the field of physics that involves the study of fluids at rest. Because these fluids are not in motion, that means they have achieved a stable equilibrium state, so fluid statics is largely about understanding these fluid equilibrium conditions. When focusing on incompressible fluids (such as liquids) as opposed to compressible fluids (such as most gases), it is sometimes referred to as hydrostatics. A fluid at rest does not undergo any sheer stress, and only experiences the influence of the normal force of the surrounding fluid (and walls, if in a container), which is the pressure. (More on this below.) This form of equilibrium condition of a fluid is said to be a hydrostatic condition. Fluids that are not in a hydrostatic condition or at rest, and are therefore in some sort of motion, fall under the other field of fluid mechanics, fluid dynamics. Major Concepts of Fluid Statics Sheer stress vs. Normal stress Consider a cross-sectional slice of a fluid. It is said to experience a sheer stress if it is experiencing a stress that is coplanar, or a stress that points in a direction within the plane. Such a sheer stress, in a liquid, will cause motion within the liquid. Normal stress, on the other hand, is a push into that cross sectional area. If the area is against a wall, such as the side of a beaker, then the cross sectional area of the liquid will exert a force against the wall (perpendicular to the cross section - therefore, not coplanar to it). The liquid exerts a force against the wall and the wall exerts a force back, so there is net force and therefore no change in motion. The concept of a normal force may be familiar from early in studying physics, because it shows up a lot in working with and analyzing free-body diagrams. When something is sitting still on the ground, it pushes down toward the ground with a force equal to its weight. The ground, in turn, exerts a normal force back on the bottom of the object. It experiences the normal force, but the normal force doesnt result in any motion. A sheer force would be if someone shoved on the object from the side, which would cause the object to move so long that it can overcome the resistance of friction. A force coplanar within a liquid, though, isnt going to be subject to friction, because there isnt friction between molecules of a fluid. Thats part of what makes it a fluid rather than two solids. But, you say, wouldnt that mean that the cross section is being shoved back into the rest of the fluid? And wouldnt that mean that it moves? This is an excellent point. That cross-sectional sliver of fluid is being pushed back into the rest of the liquid, but when it does so the rest of the fluid pushes back. If the fluid is incompressible, then this pushing isnt going to move anything anywhere. The fluid is going to push back and everything will stay still. (If compressible, there are other considerations, but lets keep it simple for now.) Pressure All of these tiny cross sections of liquid pushing against each other, and against the walls of the container, represent tiny bits of force, and all of this force results in another important physical property of the fluid: the pressure. Instead of cross sectional areas, consider the fluid divided up into tiny cubes. Each side of the cube is being pushed on by the surrounding liquid (or the surface of the container, if along the edge) and all of these are normal stresses against those sides. The incompressible fluid within the tiny cube cannot compress (thats what incompressible means, after all), so there is no change of pressure within these tiny cubes. The force pressing on one of these tiny cubes will be normal forces that precisely cancel out the forces from the adjacent cube surfaces. This cancellation of forces in various directions is of the key discoveries in relation to hydrostatic pressure, known as Pascals Law after the brilliant French physicist and mathematician Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). This means that the pressure at any point is the same in all horizontal directions, and therefore that the change in pressure between two points will be proportional to the difference in height. Density Another key concept in understanding fluid statics is the density of the fluid. It figures into the Pascals Law equation, and each fluid (as well as solids and gases) have densities that can be determined experimentally. Here are a handful of common densities. Density is the mass per unit volume. Now think about various liquids, all split up into those tiny cubes I mentioned earlier. If each tiny cube is the same size, then differences in density means that tiny cubes with different densities will have different amount of mass in them. A higher-density tiny cube will have more stuff in it than a lower-density tiny cube. The higher-density cube will be heavier than the lower-density tiny cube, and will therefore sink in comparison to the lower-density tiny cube. So if you mix two fluids (or even non-fluids) together, the denser parts will sink that the less dense parts will rise. This is also evident in the principle of buoyancy, that explains how displacement of liquid results in an upward force, if you remember your Archimedes. If you pay attention to the mixing of two fluids while its happening, such as when you mix oil and water, therell be a lot of fluid motion, and that would covered by fluid dynamics. But once the fluid reaches equilibrium, youll have fluids of different densities that have settled into layers, with the highest density fluid forming the bottom layer, up until you reach the lowest density fluid on the top layer. An example of this is shown on the graphic on this page, where fluids of different types have differentiated themselves into stratified layers based on their relative densities.

The Faerie Queene Essay - 466 Words

The poem, The Faerie Queene, is a story about a courageous knight who goes through great trials and fights monsters. This in itself is entertaining but, it also has many allegorical references to Christianity. Many times Spenser talks about things when in reality hes really talking something closer to home. For instance, this faerie land he talks about sounds like he is referring to England, the country where hes from. Also, the title Faerie Queene itself is seems to represent Queen Elizabeth, the Queen of England. Redcrosse, the hero of the poem, is a major part of this allegory. He is called the Knight of Holinesse which is a reference to being holy and worshiping God. He represents the lonely Christian on a journey to put†¦show more content†¦As Redcrosse and Una travel on their way, things are fine and both are kept in tact. Redcrosse is first introduced to evil when fighting the dragon, Error. When fighting the dragon, Spenser writes, Her vomit full of bookes and papers was (177). These papers represent Roman Catholic propaganda that was put out in Spensers time, against Queen Elizabeth. This shows the allegory Spencer was trying to put forth in writing this poem. After defeating the dragon, Redcrosse and Una travel looking for the right path, when it starts to get dark and they find a place to stay, with a hermit in his inn. When they fall asleep, we find out who this hermit is, Archimago, an evil sorcerer. He conjures up two spirits to trouble Redcrosse. One of the spirits goes into his dreams and makes him dream of love and lust, when he awakes; he is lying next to the other spirit who is disguised as Una, who asks for a kiss from him. He turns it down, and falls back asleep. Then Archimago takes the spirit disguised as Una and lays it in a bed, and takes the other spirit and disguises it as a young man. Redcrosse awakes and sees this and is furious and decides to leave without her. The mission Archimago was out to accomplish had worked and he had separated holiness and faith. Now without faith, Redcrosse goes out and is all on his own. He travels on until he meets another knight, Sansfoy,Show MoreRelated The Faerie Queene Essay1944 Words   |  8 PagesEdmund Spenser’s epic poem The Faerie Queene is well known as an allegorical work, and the poem is typically read in relation to the political and religious context of the time. The term allegory tends to be loosely defined, rendering a whole work an extended metaphor, or even implying â€Å"any writing in verse or prose that has a double meaning†(Cuddon 20). In true Spenserian style, with everything having double meanings, both uses of the term allegory are applicable to his writing. Thus, duringRead More Dragons in Beowulf and in Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene1982 Words   |  8 PagesDragons in Beowulf and in Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene When one usually thinks of a dragon, one thinks of dragon-slayers, adventure, damsels in distress, and cheap fantasy novels. Dragons in literature have not always been used for such meaningless entertainment. There are many precedents for dragons in medieval literature, two of the most prominent being in the Old English poem Beowulf and in Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. In both of these epic poems, dragons playRead More Prophetic Vision in Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene Essay632 Words   |  3 PagesProphetic Vision in Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene In the First Book of The Faerie Queene, Edmund Spenser reveals his prophetic and apocalyptic vision for the fledgling British Empire, personified in his hero Redcrosse. As the secular instrument of Gloriana, the Faerie Queene, Redcrosse takes on the sacred task of Una (representing religious truth) to free her parents, Adam and Eve, from their bonds of sin. Before he can achieve his task, the Redcrosse knight (representing holiness) mustRead MoreEssay on The Role Of Nurse Glauce In The Faerie Queene1604 Words   |  7 PagesIn Book Three of The Faerie Queene, the character of Glauce plays an important role in aiding Britomart, the main character, to set off on her journey. Britomart, who represents Spensers idea of ideal Christian chastity, confronts some challenging and poignant issues before she heads off on her adventure; namely, she sees a vision of her future husband in an enchanted looking glass, and does not quite know how to handle the feelings of all-encompassing love that arise in her. The terror, doubtRead MoreEdmund Spenser, An English Writer Best Known For The Faerie Queene2627 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION EDMUND SPENCER Edmund Spenser was an English writer best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic ballad and fantastical moral story commending the Tudor tradition and Elizabeth I. He is perceived as one of the head experts of Modern English verse in its earliest stages, and one of the best artists in the English dialect. Edmund Spenser was conceived in East Smithfield, London around the year 1552 however there is some vagueness as to the careful date of his introduction to the world.Read MoreAnalysis Of Edmund Spenser s The Faerie Queene 1362 Words   |  6 PagesEdmund Spenser, in his description of the epic poem The Faerie Queene, labels his work as a â€Å"dark conceit.† One of the most defining characteristics of the work is its difficulty to decipher – the reader discovers just as much a challenge navigating the world as the Redcrosse Knight. The challenge not only makes Redcrosse more relatable as a character, but allows the poem to serve as a teaching mechanism on how to comprehend scripture, which requires just as much effort to follow. In order to discernRead More Edmund Spenser‘s Dazzling Quest for Virtue in The Faerie Queene733 Words   |  3 PagesEdmund Spenser‘s Dazzling Quest for Virtue in The Faerie Queene Voyeur: one who habitually seeks sexual stimulation by visual means (Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary). According to Babys Record, as a child my favorite stories included Daniel in the Lions Den, Jonah and the Whale, Elisha and the 40 Children Eaten by the Bears, The Three Little Pigs, and Goldilocks and the Three Bears. Before sex came violence, tamed by a mothers lap and blessed by the inspired Word. VoyeurismRead MoreEssay on Role of Women in Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene2903 Words   |  12 PagesRole of Women in Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene      Ã‚     Edmund Spenser in his epic romance, The Faerie Queene, invents and depicts a wide array of female figures.   Some of these women, such as Una and Caelia, are generally shown as faithful, virtuous and overall lovely creatures.   Other feminine characters, such as Errour, Pride, and Duessa are false, lecherous and evil.   This might seem to be the end of Spensers categorization of women; that they are either good or bad.   Yet uponRead MoreEssay about Epic Conventions Applied in The Faerie Queene1711 Words   |  7 Pagestrue art form, he is also validating the English language’s need for a great national epic. On the other hand, Spenser, himself achieves to fulfil such a call with one of the best examples of epic poetry, through his incomplete masterpiece, The Faerie Queene, to the English literature. Unfortunately his life could not let him to finish the whole work as his intents, he is able to write only six books instead of twenty- four books as h e presumes to finish. Although it is not fully completed, still remainsRead MorePowerful Women of The Faerie Queene and Paradise Lost Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two very powerful female figures are presented in Error of The Faerie Queene, and Sin of Paradise Lost. These two characters are quite similar in description, Milton making a clear tribute to Spencers work. Both characters have the same monster qualities, and both posses allegorical names and qualities. Error is by far the most disgustingly described of the two monsters. In Book 1, Canto 1, she is the first obstacle to meet the knight and his party. She represents the consequences of the

The Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th Century Essay

The Philosophes French intellectual leaders of the Enlightenment were bankers, merchants, and professional men who had education and wealth. As a result of their political voice being denied to them, these men paved the way for the French Revolution through their skeptical attitudes toward government, religion, and social traditions. This group of aggressive dissenters and critics of the Old Regime, the prerevolution monarchy, were the Philosophes. The Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th century involved a particular group of French thinkers who were very popular during the middle of the 18th century. This group was known as the Philosophes, a large group of people who pursued a variety of the same intellectual interests. Believing†¦show more content†¦It states that the knowledge of the natural world should be torn away from that of the religious world. The natural world and the religious world are two completely separate entities that should not be combined together to form religious ideas or beliefs. Tolerance is something that everyone must have. Philosophes strongly believed that most human crimes committed were done for religion or in the name of God. People have to learn to separate God and life decisions so that they cannot be used together as an excuse. Philosophes felt that people within themselves have the tolerance to stay away from crime and to not commit criminal acts but do so because they are morally weak. They need to build up their tolerance and they will have all the answers they need. One of the greatest and most influential Philosophes of all time is Francis Marie Arouet, also known by the name of Voltaire. (www.voltairefoundation.com) Voltaire was born in Paris, France on November 21, 1694. He concentrated most extensively on two specific philosophical projects. Voltaire worked very hard to introduce empiricism, easily defined as information that can be gained as a result of careful observation. From this observation one can make laws or principles, as was prac ticed by the English into the French lifestyle. (www.voltairefoundation.com) Voltaire alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of the Scientific Revolution to Europe1176 Words   |  5 Pagesthat many ask themselves when asked to define scientific revolution and enlightenment in the 17th/ 18th century. The terms â€Å"Scientific Revolution† and â€Å"Enlightenment† are used to describe two important phases that Europe came across during the 1500s to the 1800s. The 17th century scientific revolution left a huge impact on Europe leading it to the 18th century enlightenment. The Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th century was the start and new beginning to the modern science. The new discoveriesRead MoreEssay on Revolution in Scientific Affairs977 Words   |  4 PagesEurope changed dramatically in the course of the 17th and 18th centuries. In many ways, this change was a result of changes in intellectual’s approach to natural history, or science. This revolut ion in scientific affairs, sparked by thinkers like Bacon, Newton, and Descartes, resulted in a significant upheaval in the arts and literature of Europe. Research into this spread of scientific thinking, which would eventually come to influence ideas about such wildly disparate fields of human endeavorRead MoreThe 18th Century Enlightenment1487 Words   |  6 Pages Upon analyzing the contemporaries of the 18th century enlightenment period, it is important to note that the idea of â€Å"change† caused unease and anxiety to settle in. The enlightenment was a European philosophical movement led by philosophers, Kant, Voltaire, Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke. These thinkers began to question the way of life in the contemporary world and discussed the potential of â€Å"man†. Immanuel Kant hypothesized that man is immature and has yet to find his true potential. QuestioningRead MoreThe Renaissance And The Enlightenment757 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Values and Enlightenment Ideals - Conflict or Progress on the Same Journey? The Renaissance and the Enlightenment are two significant periods in world history, specifically in European history. The Renaissance and the Enlightenment have distinctive characteristics, but share the notion of being periods of discovery in many aspects of life. Each period has its own set of beliefs, values, and ideals otherwise known as a â€Å"worldview†. It can be thought of as a framework of principles throughRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1471 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, the 18th century marks a change in time. The age old traditions of the Ancient Regime and Catholic Church will see a shift in power. Power now in the hands of the people. Through bloodshed, the radical actions of the French Revolution sparked by philosophies of Enlightenment, will impact the future. Historical figures such as Robespierre heading the Great Assembly will drive change in culture through the revolution, in hopes of achieving enlightened societies. The 18th century marks the beginningRead MoreEuropean Exploration : The Age Of Discovery1128 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean states decided to partake in global explorations in the early fifteenth century. By doing so, this opened up a new chapter in world history, known as the Age of Discovery. During this time, Europe expanded to the Americas, Africa, and the Far East being the first orbit around the world. â€Å"Profound misconceptions about geography and the cultures of local populations would change very slowly throughout he early centuries of European exploration.† (The Saylor Foundation The European Voyages of Exploration:Read MoreAdvancements During The 18th Century1245 Words   |  5 PagesDBQ Essay During the 18th century, advancements to European thought commenced being wide spread throughout the continent. These advancements, known as the Enlightenment, urged Europeans to look beyond what they had previously known and to expand their knowledge, in order to reform their societies in political and economic matters. Enlightenment thinkers believed in human ability to understand the world in which they lived and to conform it to their needs. They advocated many methods of economicRead MoreEnlightenment And The Enlightenment Movement In The 18th Century975 Words   |  4 PagesEnlightenment is a concept that promoted individual rational logic and thinking as more valuable than traditional. The enlightenment thinkers rejected the old assumption about everything and committed to things that could be demonstrated through scientific experimentation. They are loosely organized intellectual movement, egalitarian, liberal, rationalist, secular, and impartial in both values and outloo k. In the longer term standpoint, the enlightenment can be taken to the last phase of the cumulativeRead MoreAge of Enlightenment: Revolutionary Viewpoints Spreading Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesThe age of enlightenment is a term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the late 17th and 18th century. (wikipedia.com) When the word enlightenment comes to mind your first thought is of change for the better. A time of prosperity and success within a country. Several individuals have been credited and blamed for leading and contributing to the Enlightenment. These thinkers not only changed their views, but also spread revolutionary ideas to others. TheseRead MoreEssay on Great Britain Rise as the Global Leader of the 18th Century781 Words   |  4 Pagesglobal leader of the 18th century. Prior to the Treaty of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War, the Spanish and the Holy Roman Empire held much of the power in Europe. Only with the suppression of Catholicism and the development of national sovereignty did Great Britain have the opportunity to rise through the ranks. While much of continental Europe was seeking to strengthen their absolute monarchies and centralized style of governing, in the 17th and 18th centuries Great Britain was making

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay - 1372 Words

Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy takes into account interactions between cognitions, emotions, behavior, and environment. The therapist looks to modify attitudes, beliefs, and expectations, they aim to identify and modify maladaptive thoughts. ( Knell 2009) The emphasis of therapy is placed on the child, issues of control, master, and responsibility are addressed as well as responsibility for one’s own behavior change. A child’s perception of events rather than the event themselves is assumed as the cause for behavior in cognitive therapy. (O’Conner Braverman 2009) Through therapy sessions the client is able to come to the realization that their thoughts and beliefs are irrational. The sessions offer the opportunity for the†¦show more content†¦Other influential theorists / practitioners include Michael Mahoney, Ph.D., Donald Meichenbaum, Ph.D. (Stress Inoculation Therapy) and David Burns, M.D. David Burns, M.D. popularized CBT with his 1980s best-selling book, Feeling Good. More recently, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been influenced by the work of Aldo Pucci, Psy.D. (Rational Living Therapy), Michael Mahoney, Ph.D., Marsha Linehan, Ph.D., and Arthur Freeman, Ed.D.† (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 2011) Cognitive Behavior therapy is not a distinct therapeutic technique it is actually a mix of approaches that have the following characteristics, its based on the cognitive model of emotional response, its briefer and time limited, it’s a collaborative effort between the therapist and client, some is based on aspects on stoic philosophy, (Beck’s is not). It uses the Socratic method; the therapist wants to gain understanding of the client and their concerns. Cognitive Behavioral therapy is structured and directive, and is based on an educational model; believing that behaviors are learned, the theory and techniques rely on the inductive method if we find that what we thought is not correct we can change our thinking. Homework is a central part of CBT, in our case with Cognitive play therapy the home work is often a part that is given to the parents. (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral TherapyShow MoreRelatedBehavioral Therapies : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy175 2 Words   |  8 PagesFrom the lens of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, an integrated mix of both cognitive and behavioral approaches is best suited the treatment of clients. All the approaches under Cognitive Behavioral Therapy require several different attributes. Some of them being; the need for a positive working relationship between client and therapist, the belief that distress is a cognitive process, treatment is a focus in changing cognitions to create positive change in mood or behavior. Changing irrationalRead MoreBehavioral Therapy And Cognitive Therapy869 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, I will compare and contrast Group Therapy and Cognitive therapy, more specifically, dialectical behavioral therapy, and the differences between assessment types that clinicians use to determine a diagnosis and therapy that would best benefit their client. In the second part of my paper, I will discuss and address different considerations in which a therapist should make in order to provid e a safe and effectively therapeutic environment. Though therapy is a largely utilized form of mental healthRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy2168 Words   |  9 PagesBackground Developed in the mid 1960s by Aaron Beck, the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model theorizes that the interpretation of both external and internal events is biased, and can tap unhealthy underlying beliefs that potentially lead to emotional distress (Beck, 2005). Over the years CBT has accumulated an impressive track record in the treatment of a variety of mood disorders. In 1985, a review of 220 studies using CBT in the treatment of depression concluded that 91% supported the modelRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1447 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Djiedjorm Doe (Dede) Middlesex Community College Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly known as CBT, is a systematic process by which we learn to change our negative thought into more positive ones. CBT is a combination of two types of therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. cognition is our thought, so cognitive behavioral therapy combines working with our thought process and changing our behavior at the same time. Cognitive behavioral therapistsRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1502 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy, in its most modern form, was developed in 1960 by Aaron T. Beck. However, CBT has an interesting history dating back to the 1920s in the United States and even earlier in other parts of the world. â€Å"Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of CBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism. Stoic philosophers, particularly Epictetus, believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructiveRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral And Behavioral Family Therapy2903 Words   |  12 Pages Week 11 Assignment: Signature Assignment: Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy Rayon L. Walton Nortcentral University One of the most effective components of MFT is Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT). CBFT incorporates cognitive processes that affect behavior and applies it to the therapeutic process of clients. The foundational principles of CBFT stem from behavioral concepts that were impacted by issues that affected clients such as phobias, anxiety and parenting deficiencies;Read MoreCognitive Therapies And Behavioral Therapy982 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive behavioral therapy, on the contrary, utilizes directive consulting tools to control and guide its patients. These include such things as asking questions, interpreting, and providing direction to a client’s attention and emotions. â€Å"Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy, an approach that focuses on recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs into more realistic and constructive thoughts and beliefs† (Erford, 2014). It is believed that cognitive behavioral therapyRead MoreCognitive Psycholo gy : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1700 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy is a school of psychotherapy that intends to assist individuals with conquering their emotional issues. A focal idea in CBT is that you feel the way you think. Therefore, CBT focuses on the fact that you can live all the more cheerfully and effectively in you begin thinking with a better mindset. CBT urges you to comprehend that you re thought process or beliefs lie between the occasion and your definitive sentiments and activities. The

The Use of Lasers in Esophageal Cancer Treatment Free Essays

Esophageal cancer is a rare form of cancer, but its numbers are on the rise around the world (Staff, Mayo Clinic 1). This disease occurs when malignant or cancerous cells form in the tissues of the esophageal lining of the body’s gastrointestinal tract. The esophagus is responsible for moving swallowed food and liquids from the mouth into the stomach for digestion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Lasers in Esophageal Cancer Treatment or any similar topic only for you Order Now It consists of several tissue layers, including the mucous membrane, muscle, and connective tissues. When cancer forms in the esophagus, it begins in the innermost layer of the tissue (the mucous membrane) and moves outward (towards the connective tissue layer) as it spreads (see Figure 1). It often goes undetected for many years, and in its later stages, this cancer is not easily treatable. Among those who develop esophageal cancer, their long-term survival rate is low, as it is estimated that only 12. 5% of patients live five years beyond the date of diagnosis (Triesschejin, Martijn 5). The standard treatment option used to combat esophageal cancer is called an esophagectomy, in which the cancerous area of the esophagus is removed via surgery, however this procedure is very invasive, complicated, and is often times fatal. However, with today’s technological advancements, safer, less-invasive methods are beginning to replace this option and are proving to be successful in helping to extend the lives of those patients with severe esophageal cancer and aid in improving their quality of life. One up-and-coming treatment option that is far more safe and practical than esophagectomy is the integration of lasers in photodynamic therapy, or PDT. Although it is still an experimental treatment, is ideal because it has no long-term side effects, is minimally invasive, can be done quickly with little recovery time, has the ability to precisely target the areas of the body where the cancer cells are present, and can be safely repeated multiple times until the desired results are achieved. Post-treatment, it has been known to cause sensitivity to light, particularly pertaining to the patient’s eyes and skin, however this has not been shown to be a significant issue among those treated with PDT. Photodynamic therapy uses special drugs, known as photosensitizing agents, along with laser light to kill cancer cells closer to the surface of the skin. The agents are injected into the body via and ‘switched on’ with light of the appropriate wavelength depending on the drug utilized. Chemical and molecular reactions within the ody from the drugs then destroy the cancer cells and work to rid the body of the esophageal disease. Although several sources of light are possibilities when performing photodynamic therapy, lasers are the most preferred. They are the most effective in emitting monochromatic light, or light that is of a single wavelength and color, corresponding to all of the different absorption maxima of photosensitizers’ compounds, and can b e relatively easily coupled to optical fibers from 200 to 600 microns’ core sizes. Specifically, the type of laser that is optimal for the treatment of esophageal cancer is a diode laser. These lasers are the most recent to be used in cancer treatment, and were developed just within the last fifteen years. Thus, they have higher quality beams, expanded ranges of wavelengths, and can be used on higher powers if desired. Diode lasers are ideal because they are simple to use, easy to transport, and do not require difficult installation like the gas (argon) and dye lasers used before them (Boucher 74). The diode laser currently approved by the FDA is manufactured by Angiodynamics, and has been successfully used, along with the correct application of photosensitizers, in esophageal cancer treatments. â€Å"A good photosensitizer is preferably a pure compound with a constant composition† (Nyman 3). And in esophageal cancer treatment via PDT, the best-proven photosensitizer is called porfimer sodium, also commercially known as Photofrin ®. In fact, the United States’ Food and Drug Administration has only approved the use of this photosensitizer in the treatment of esophageal cancer via PDT (â€Å"Photodynamic Therapy† 2). Porfimer sodium is injected intravenously, where it is then absorbed by all of the body’s cells, but only those cells that are normal and not cancerous are able to get rid of it. To allow for the body’s normal cells to rid themselves of the drug, two to three days are given between the drug’s administration and the activation of the drug by laser light. After being passed down the throat through a small flexible tube called an endoscope, a thin fiber optic glass strand is used to direct the laser light at the affected area. The optical fiber is made of fused silica, and uses a balloon catheter to distribute a defined, controlled amount of light to the treated esophagus organ. If the beam were not diffuse, a direct beam (even at a low power) could be damaging to the esophageal tissue. The light is operated at weaker power of around 2 Watts to ensure that it does not burn any tissue, and it is relatively pain-free. The treatment it is applied for no longer than an hour at a time and can often be done in an outpatient setting (reference all sources listed). Normally, the most common wavelength used is red light, as its specific wavelength of 630 nanometers has been shown to work best when attempting to create the most effective and potent malignant cancer cell-killing method possible. Atomically speaking, following its activation by laser light, â€Å"†¦the photosensitizer is elevated from a ground state to a long lasting excited triplet state†¦. and it] can then react with cell membranes to form radical ions [intermediates] which interact further with oxygen to produce cytotoxic oxygenated molecules† (Gray 1). More simply put, the excited photosensitizer activated by the laser light transfers its energy to other molecules before returning to its ground state, which generates a reactive oxygen species (intermediate) that is able to directly kill and destroy the esophageal tumor via oxidation, and later, indirectly, via inflammation. Research has shown a huge increase in the survival rate of PDT patients receiving this treatment. Treated patients’ survival rates improved 25% over a span of five years compared to those who never received any type of treatment (Li 2). And although doctors have seen great success with the use of photodynamic therapy and diode laser treatments, there is still much more to be researched and improved upon. Currently, new drugs, such as Photochlor ®, and others are being clinically tested to see if they can be used as photosensitizers in the treatment of esophageal cancer. This photosensitizer looks promising, as it has already been shown to last a much shorter time and is more easily removed from the body than Photofrin ® is. Also, scientists are looking at the possibility of using ointments containing ferrous or colbalt ions and hydrogen peroxide on the treated cancerous area to improve PDT outcomes along with laser light. And with the further advancement of technology, hopefully newer treatments will be able to not only improve the outcomes of patients with severe esophageal cancer, but be able to cure them of it once and for all. How to cite The Use of Lasers in Esophageal Cancer Treatment, Essay examples

Anorexia Nervosa Essay Introduction Example For Students

Anorexia Nervosa Essay Introduction Eating disorders are a cause for serious concern from both a psychological and anutritional point of view. They are often a complex expression of underlyingproblems with identity and self concept. These disorders often stem fromtraumatic experiences and are influenced by society`s attitudes toward beautyand worth (Eating Disorder Resource Center, 1997). Biological factors, familyissues, and psychological make-up may be what people who develop eatingdisorders are responding to. Anyone can be affected by eating disorders,regardless of their socioeconomic background (Eating Disorder Resource Center,1997). Anorexia nervosa is one such disorder characterized by extreme weightloss. It is the result of self imposed and severe restrictions of food and fluidintake, a distorted body image, an intense fear of becoming fat, and a poor selfesteem. Besides dieting to extremes, anorexics often over exercise to loseweight. Anorexics themselves are often the last to realize how undernourishedand unde rweight they are. Even after reaching a weight that is dangerously low,they feel good initially, about losing the weight. No matter how much is lost,anorexics continue to feel fat and desire to lose more weight. It is this denialthat makes it so hard to convince anorexics to seek help (Eating DisorderResource Center, 1997). This paper`s focus is to look in more detail at thepsychological and societal factors contributing to anorexia nervosa, as well asthe nutritional and physiological complications that arise for people on suchseverely restrictive diets. Psychological and Societal Contributions AnorexiaNervosa was first described by an English physician by the name of RichardMorton in 1689. Until 1914, it was considered a disease that arose from a morbidmental state and a disturbed nerve force. That year, Dr. Simmonds, apathologist, found one woman=s refusal to eat to be the direct result of ananterior pituitary lesion. This shifted the focus away from the emotionalaspects of the di sorder to more physiological and endocrinological terms. It wasnot until 1938 that anorexia nervosa was once again considered a largelyemotional disorder (Blackman, 1996). In fact, one of the criteria for thediagnosis of anorexia nervosa according to the manual of The American MedicalAssociation (DSM IV) is an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, eventhough underweight. Another clearly psychological requirement for diagnosis, isa disturbance in the way in which one=s body weight or shape is experienced,undue influence of body weight or shape on self evaluation, or denial of theseriousness of the current low body weight (Blackman, 1996). Anorexia nervosamay be a primary disorder in which other psychiatric conditions are secondary,such as depression. It may also be secondary itself to a disorder such asschizophrenia or co-morbid with obsessive compulsive disorder. As well, it canalso be a component of a personality disorder (Blackman, 1996; Carlat, 1997). The anorexic sufferer is typically female. Ninety-percent of all cases occuramong adolescent girls or young women but the number of males with the disorderis on the rise (Blackman, 1996; Carlat, 1997; Kinzl, 1997). It is estimated that1% of girls ages 12-18 meet the criteria for full blown anorexia and as many as5-10% have milder forms of such eating disorders if the criteria is applied lessstringently (Blackman, 1996). Anorexics are usually high achieving youngsterswho may be heavily involved in sports (e.g. gymnastics, swimming, cheer leading,ballet, etc.). These people are often competitive, perfectionistic, withobsessive compulsive personality features. Fears of growing up or discomforttoward sexuality may also be precipitating factors (Blackman, 1996). Studieshave shown that 75% of American Women are dissatisfied with their appearance andas many as 50% are on a diet at any one time. Even more alarming is that 90% ofhigh school junior and senior women regularly diet, even though only between10%-15% are over the weight recommended by the standard height-weight charts(Council on Size and Weight Discrimination, 1996). The majority of these womendo not develop eating disorders; however, 1% of teenage girls and 5% ofcollege-age women do become anorexic or bulimic (Council on Size and WeightDiscrimination, 1996). Perhaps these figures represent the women who are lessable to cope with their bodily dissatisfaction and thus are the ones who takedieting to the extreme. The disordered eating behavior usually starts out with apattern of dieting or particular food choices, such as avoiding certain foodswhich are seen as fattening. As the disorder progresses, anorexics becomeresourceful in hiding their troublesome behavior and may start to avoid eatingwith their families. They may also attempt further weight loss by compulsiveexercising. The condition can become well advanced before parents even notice,as anorexics may wear many layers of clothes to conceal their thinnes s. Oftenthe diagnosis is not made until the person is brought to a clinic for problemssuch as physical weakness, lack of energy, excessive sleepiness, and recent poorperformance in school (Blackman, 1996). Actually, certain familial relationshipsseem to be more prevalent among anorexic sufferers. Studies have shown manyanorexic families are enmeshed, overprotective, conflict avoidant, and asco-opting the anorexic in destructive alliances with one parent or another. Theparents themselves tend to be more affectionate and neglectful than parents ofnon anorexic children. The father in particular is often controlling (Blackman,1996). Physical and/or sexual abuse are also not uncommon features in familieswith anorexics (Carlet, 1996; Kinzyl, 1997). Even though these trends are trendsoften seen, there are many anorexic families that do not fit this profile. Oneof the other major contributors to the disorder is society and its values. Anorexics are sensitive to society=s approval of what is an acceptable weight orbody size (Blackman, 1996). Self worth is equated with a desirable slimappearance. This creates a vulnerability to eating disorders for people who areespecially concerned with meeting this ideal. Western culture in particular hasan obsession with looks. Slim, attractive people are linked to beauty, success,and happiness. Our society teaches us to value such superficial standards andbombards us with images of the idealized female body through mediums such asmagazines, films, and television (Blackman, 1996). One only has to watchtelevision or read the latest magazines and take note of just how few overweightor average looking people there are appearing in advertisements to verify thisfact. Anorexia nervosa in fact predominates in industrialized developedcountries; yet is extremely rare in less industrialized and non westerncountries (Blackman, 1996). As well, immigrants who have migrated to awesternized cou ntry have been found to become more prone to develop eatingdisorders (Blackman, 1996). For the sufferer of anorexia, the onset of thedisease often begins with a chance remark by someone important to them, possiblya coach or a friend. They may suggest that they are getting fat, big, clumsy, orthat their performance (if they are athletes) is suffering (Blackman, 1996). The Greenhouse Effect Argumentative EssayThe nutritionist then must carefully plan nutrition education sessions to makethem as meaningful to the person as is possible. Refeeding is also not astraightforward process as anorexics often find it quite difficult to gainweight. This is due to an increased diet induced thermogenesis and a lowermetabolic efficiency. Anorexic patients can waste about 50% of the energy oftheir food due to this inefficient metabolism at the start of refeeding, makingthe maintenance of any gain in weight difficult (Moukadden, 1997). Another studyconcluded that even with weight gain after 3 months to a year, it was not enoughto maintain a desirable nutritional status. This was because patients did notreach an adequate body mass index and their immunological indexes were lowerthan in control subjects during an entire one year follow-up (Marcos, 1997). Conclusions From the information presented, one can only imagine just howcomplex the issues really are that the anorexic attempts to deal with viadieting. The anorexic may be dealing with substance abuse, depression, sexualabuse, confusion about their sexual orientation, or bodily dissatisfaction toname a few. The individual anorexic may be suffering from a combination of suchissues in varying degrees. To what extent, psychological, societal, andbiological factors affect the onset of the disorder is, as of yet, too complexto determine. It appears to vary from individual to individual, although thereare some features seen more commonly than others. The variability seen with thedisorder on an individual basis is why the anorexic sufferer can not becategorized into a particular stereotypical group. It is not just the whiteadolescent girl who is affected. The disorder affects various other groups aswell and is being seen more frequently in groups it did not typically affect. Ithas been m entioned how the disorder is becoming more prevalent among immigrantswho move to westernized cultures; yet, the disorder is rarely ever seen in lessdeveloped countries. Males also are being seen more frequently to be sufferersof this traditionally female disorder. This data seems not to point to aparticular group as being more prone to developing anorexia, but instead pointsto society=s unrealistic and unachievable ideals, as encouraging more sensitive,insecure, or emotionally disturbed individual members of society to lose weight. Weight loss often provides these people with short lived confidence, and for awhile they feel good about their weight loss and in control of something intheir life. They inevitably desire to feel like this again so they set out tolose more weight. This cycle continues until someone steps in and helps thesufferer by convincing them to seek help. This can be hard as the anorexic isusually so far in denial that they are the last to realize just what shape theyare in. The road to recovery is difficult and the body seems to resist anyweight gain during the initial refeeding period. Even after an entire year oftreatment, evidence suggests that recovery has not been achieved and manyanorexics still continue to suffer from their disorder. There are so manycomplications that anorexia can be attributed to that it would appear that thequicker a person complies with treatment and can be recovered, the better. It isquite obvious that anorexia is a complex disorder that partly involves how oneperc eives his or her self and what physical standard society dictates theyshould live up to. The topic has many areas that require further research associety has been shown not to be the entire causative factor for the developmentof the disorder. It has been shown to be one of them however; so until societybecomes more realistic in the ideals it endorses, it is responsible, at least inpart, for the prevalence of this disorder. BibliographyBlackman, M. A Anorexia Nervosa: Diagnosis and Management, @ Medical ScopeMonthly, July/August, 1996 (or see www.tminus10.com/children/health/anex.htm). Carlat, D. J. ; Camargo Jr. , C. A. ; and Herzog, D. B. AEating Disorders inMales: A Report on 135 Patients, A American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, August1997, 1127-1132. Council on Size and Weight Discrimination. Facts and Figures. New York: Council on Size and Weight Discrimination, Inc. , 1996. EatingDisorder Resource Centre of British Columbia. Do I Have an Eating Disorder? . Vancouver: Working Design, 1997. Kershenbaum, A. ; Jaffa, T. ; Zeman, A. ; andBoniface, S. A Bilateral Foot Drop in a Patient With Anorexia Nervosa, AInternational Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, November 1997, 335-337. Kinzl, J. F. ; Mangwelth, B. ; Traweger, C. M. ; and Biebl, W. A Eating-DisorderedBehavior in Males: The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences, A InternationalJournal of Eating Disorders, 22, September 1997, 131-138. Marcos, A. ; Varela,P. ; Toro, O. ; Lpez-Vidriero, I. ; Nova, E. ; Madruga, J. C. ; and Morand,G. AInteractions between nutrition and immunity in anorexia nervosa: a 1-yfollow up study, A American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, August 1997,485-490. Merriman, S. H. A Nutrition education in the treatment of eatingdisorders: a suggested 10 session course, @ Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics,6, October 1996, 377-380. Moukadden, M. ; Bouler, A. ; Apfelbaum, M. ; andRigaud, D. A Increase in diet-induced thermogenesis at the start of refeeding inseverely malnourished anorexia nervosa patients, A American Journal of ClinicalNutrition, 66, July 1997, 133-140. Murnen, S. K. ; and Smolak, L. A Feminity,Masculinity, and Disordered Eating: A Meta-Analytic Review, A InternationalJournal of Eating Disorders, 22, November 1997, 231-242. Neumrker, K. AMortality and Sudden Death in Anorexia Nervosa, A International Journal ofEating Disorders, 21, April 1997, 205-212. Nimmons, D. A Sex and the Brain, ADiscover, March 1994, 64-68, 70-71. Rock, C. L. ; Gorenflo, D. W. ; Drewnowski,A. ; and Demitrack, M. A. ANutritional characteristics, eating pathology, andhormonal status in young women, A American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64,October 1996, 566-571Health Care

Intercultural Communication free essay sample

Employers and employees should work together to understand the different cultures that coexist within the work organization. As stated by Allwood J. (Ed. ) (1985) â€Å"Since the basic difficulty in intercultural communication is the differences that exist between the sender’s and receiver’s cultural background and way of communicating, the first action to reduce the risks of misunderstanding would be to gather an informed insight into the differences and similarities which should not be ignored as they can form a general human base that can be used to solve some of the difficulties in interpersonal communication. Thus understanding the diversity not only helps to overcome intercultural misunderstandings but helps also to improve interpersonal communication within the work organization 6. 2. 3Be flexible Employers and employees should also learn to be flexible and develop skills needed to be used in intercultural communication. As stated by Allwood J. (Ed) (1985) †Å"The most far-reaching goal to achieve good intercultural communication is to give people the ability and skill to live in other cultures and to exercise other communication patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For this type of communication, training in the language of the new culture is clearly of the greatest importance. Thus learning the new language is learning intercultural communication as we will be speaking the language of others from different cultural backgrounds compared to us. † This means that we must be susceptible to accept change in the lingua franca of the organization or even abiding by new organizational policies that encourage intercultural communication and understanding. 6. 2. 4 Develop empathy Empathy literally means â€Å"feeling into† another’s feelings with one’s own, vicariously, and attempting to achieve some i-thou congruence. Empathy is multi-faceted, involving cognitive (thinking), affective (feeling), and communication component: Cognitively , the empathic person take the perspective of another person, and in so doing strives to see the world from the other’s point of view. Affectively, the empathy person experience the emotion of another, he or she feels the other’s experiences. Communicatively, the empathic individual signals understanding and concern through verbal and nonverbal cues (Bell, 1981). Thus through the development of empathy we can manage to understand why a certain person acts a certain way when faced with problems caused my intercultural misunderstandings and such. 6. 2. 5Management training. The traditional disciplines of management do not lend themselves to knowledge management and should be revised so that the knowledge based competence of a corporation can be managed effectively and efficiently. Traditional notions about strategy, human resource management, finance and marketing should be re-examined and revised in order to manage knowledge for competitive advantage (Ichijo and Nonaka, 2007:7). I endeavour to review their contributions and indicate how they contribute to our understanding of management theory and practice of management training in communication skills. They must interact with each other to transcend their own boundaries and as a result change themselves. Organizations don’t just solve problems, they create and define them (Nonaka et al. , 2000:3).

Artificial Intelligence and the Chaos Theory Essays -

Artificial Intelligence and the Chaos Theory Recently, the media has spent an increasing amount of broadcast time on new technology. The focus of high-tech media has been aimed at the flurry of advances concerning artificial intelligence (AI). What is artificial intelligence and what is the media talking about? Are these technologies beneficial to our society or mere novelties among business and marketing professionals? Medical facilities, police departments, and manufacturing plants have all been changed by AI but how? These questions and many others are the concern of the general public brought about by the lack of education concerning rapidly advancing computer technology. Artificial intelligence is defined as the ability of a machine to think for itself. Scientists and theorists continue to debate if computers will actually be able to think for themselves at one point (Patterson 7). The generally accepted theory is that computers do and will think more in the future. AI has grown rapidly in the last ten years chiefly because of the advances in computer architecture. The term artificial intelligence was actually coined in 1956 by a group of scientists having their first meeting on the topic (Patterson 6). Early attempts at AI were neural networks modeled after the ones in the human brain. Success was minimal at best because of the lack of computer technology needed to calculate such large equations. AI is achieved using a number of different methods. The more popular implementations comprise neural networks, chaos engineering, fuzzy logic, knowledge based systems, and expert systems. Using any one of the aforementioned design structures requires a specialized computer system. For example, Anderson Consulting applies a knowledge based system to commercial loan officers using multimedia (Hedburg 121). Their system requires a fast IBM desktop computer. Other systems may require even more horsepower using exotic computers or workstations. Even more exotic is the software that is used. Since there are very few applications that are pre-written using AI, each company has to write it's own software for the solution to the problem. An easier way around this obstacle is to design an add-on. The company FuziWare makes several applications that act as an addition to a larger application. FuziCalc, FuziQuote, FuziCell, FuziChoice, and FuziCost are all products that are used as management de cision support systems for other off-the shelf applications (Barron 111). In order to tell that AI is present we must be able to measure the intelligence being used. For a relative scale of reference, large supercomputers can only create a brain the size of a fly (Butler and Caudill 5). It is surprising what a computer can do with that intelligence once it has been put to work. Almost any scientific, business, or financial profession can benefit greatly from AI. The ability of the computer to analyze variables provides a great advantage to these fields. There are many ways that AI can be used to solve a problem. Virtually all of these methods require special hardware and software to use them. Unfortunately, that makes AI systems expensive. Consulting firms, companies that design computing solutions for their clients, have offset that cost with the quality of the system. Many new AI systems now give a special edge that is needed to beat the competition. Neural networks have entered the spotlight with surprisingly successful results. A neural network is a type of information processing system whose architecture is similar to the structure of biological neural systems (Butler and Caudill 5). The neural network tries to mimic the way a brain and nervous system work by analyzing sensory inputs and calculating an outcome. A neural network is usually composed of simple decision making elements that are connected with variable weights and strengths. Each one these elements is called a neurode. The term neurode is similar to the biological neuron. The term was modified slightly to indicate an artificial nature. Memory is stored by a certain pattern of the connection weights between the neurodes. Processing information is performed by changing and spreading the connection's weights among the network. Before it can be used a neural network must be trained. Some can learn by themselves, some require training by doing, and others learn by trial and error. A computer learns by naturally associating items the

Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Example

Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Example Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Describe, demonstrate and analyse how listening skills are central to effective communication in social work practice. It is expected that you include your learning from all the role plays reflecting on feedback from the service users/peers and tutors. The following essay intends to describe, demonstrate and analyse the above statement, it will do this by giving definitions and analysis of the communication process, and it will also look at the importance of listening, meaning and interpretation. Also incorporated will be power indifferences within communication as will ethical issues and the use of anti-oppressive practices surrounding communication and social work practice. The essay will incorporate service uses feedback and knowledge gained in communication module classes throughout. To understand communication this essay will first describe the process through a commonly used simple communication model, with its basic elements, the communication source, the encoder, the message, the channel, the decoder, and the communication receiver. [Berlo:1960] a simple model of communication from Shannon and weavers, known as the process school of communication. Their model involved three elements, the transmitter, the person starting the communication process, and in between both of these the noise, any factors that interfere or undermine the communication taking place, this point was raised during service uses feedback in seminars, during a role to play a social worker was fidgeting, this was distracting and a phone rang, this is known as background noise. Finally there is the receiver, the person being communicated with. The communication process involves five major elements, the message, the transmission medium, the receiver and the feedback. The message is not the only information sent, it also includes emotions, which is what gives the words meaning, as words do not establish the full meaning or message being sent as interpretation plays a part in understanding meaning. There are three fundamental elements in interpretation, which are, the setting, the service user and the agency. It is my understanding that the relationship of the three elements of interpretation will define what interpretation is, and its importance in reaching the correct interpretation. (Gregory Bateson), anthropologist, stated that every communication sends two messages in unison with the basic message, this is called the Meta message, which is encoded and overlap on to the basic message. This indicates how the message is wished to be received, by using certain words, tone of voice (ect). Communication is a social interaction through messages, however it is a very complex multilevel event, one of Batesons theories on Meta messages, states that communication involves the communication of a relationship. How language is used, the words, tone, delivery of speech and facial expressions, can dramatically influence the way a person interprets the message. Meaning refers to the intention of a speaker to have some effect on the listener, which must be combined with proper conventions which communication realise the intended meaning, (to make clear). There are three major dimensions of meaning: 1. The evaluative dimension, in which receivers express the degree of favourable, or unfavourable ness towards the words. Evaluative scales include, good/bad, valuable/worthless, fair/unfair and honest/dishonest. 2. An activity dimension, is the one which expresses the perceptions of a receiver towards the amount of movement or activity in an object or event. Activity scales include, active/passive, fast/slow, vibrant/still, dynamic/static and varied/repetitive. The potency dimension, which represents the feelings of strength and weakness, that perceived by an individual. Potency scales include, serious/humorous, potent/impotent, strong/weak, heavy/light and hard and soft. [Saeed:215: 1994] These connotative meanings do not mean that people have the same evaluative meanings for words, but they tend to use the same time dimensions to judge words. meaning can refer to interpretation. When dealing with meaning and interpretation with children, they can appear to contradict themselves with the use of language that adults use. This is because they tend to take the adults questions in literal terms, in the feedback from the service users, it was pointed out that asking children how they feel is usually avoided as children have different perceptions of what feel means to adults and it can be a confusing question It also states in a guide interviewing children, that sentence structure is an important factor to consider, it is sometimes assumed that if a child knows all the individual words in the sentence, they therefore understand the whole sentence.